B.Pharm 2nd Semester Human Anatomy and Physiology II Notes

Radhe Radhe, B.Pharm students! In this post, you will find the notes for your 2nd semester Human Anatomy and Physiology II subject . Here you will find notes, books, previous year questions (PYQs), and important question-answers related to your pharmacy course. You will also find GPAT updates here. You will find pharmacy-related vacancies here, so stay calm and connected with Pulse by Anubhav. Join Our Telegram Channel As Well As Bookmark Our Site For Latest Update.

As you may have realized, pursuing a B.Pharm degree is not easy. Many people initially choose it as just one option, but later they discover how much studying is involved. Your B.Pharm course is divided into 8 semesters. In the second semester, you have to study a total of 6 subjects, of which 4 are compulsory. This semester you will be studying Computer Applications and Environmental Science. You will be taught this as an additional subject and you have to give it as a non-university paper.

The pharmacy field is a very important medical field. Here, pharmacists not only dispense medication to patients but also educate them about the medicines. In the pharmaceutical industry, these same pharmacists manufacture the medicines and conduct research on them.

The link to download notes for all units is given below. If you want to download the PDF without reading the post, you can download the PDF by clicking on the link given below. You can also join our Telegram channel for future updates.

Also Read- B.Pharm 1st Semester Remedial Biology Notes

The Subjects in the 2nd semester of B.Pharm are:

• Human Anatomy and Physiology II
• Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I
• Pathophysiology
• Biochemistry
• Computer Applications
• Environmental Science

B.Pharm 2nd Semester Human Anatomy and Physiology II Syllabus

Before downloading the notes, please take a look at the Human Anatomy and Physiology II syllabus to understand what topics are covered.

📘 Unit I — Nervous System 

Course Content:

• Organization of the nervous system
• Neuron: Structure and functions
• Neuroglia (Neuroglial cells): Types and functions
• Classification & properties of nerve fibres
• Electrophysiology
  • Action potential
  • Nerve impulse & transmission
• Nerve impulse conduction
• Receptors: Types and functions
• Synapse
  • Synaptic transmission
  • Neurotransmitters: Types and roles
• Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Meninges: Layers and functions
  • Brain ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Formation, circulation, functions
  • Brain regions:
    • Cerebrum
    • Brain stem
    • Cerebellum — Structure and functions
  • Spinal cord:
    • Gross structure
    • Afferent & efferent nerve tracts
    • Reflex activity and mechanism

📗 Unit II — Digestive System & Energetics 

Digestive System:

• Anatomy of GI Tract
  • Stomach: Structure and functions
  • Acid production in stomach
  • Regulation of acid secretion via parasympathetic nervous system
  • Pepsin: Role in protein digestion
  • Small & Large intestine: Anatomy and functions
• Accessory digestive organs
  • Salivary glands
  • Pancreas
  • Liver — Anatomy and functions
• Movements of GIT
  • Peristalsis
  • Segmentation
• Digestion & absorption of nutrients
• Disorders of GIT

Energetics:

• ATP: Formation and role
• Creatinine phosphate
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) & BMR regulation
• BMR Disorders
• Biological role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR

📙 Unit III — Respiratory System 

Course Content:

• Anatomy of respiratory system
  • Special reference to lungs and airways
• Lungs: Structure and functions
• Mechanism of respiration
  • Inspiration and expiration
  • Muscles involved
• Regulation of respiration
  • Neural and chemical regulation
• Lung volumes & capacities
• Transport of respiratory gases
  • Oxygen transport
  • CO₂ transport
• Artificial respiration
• Resuscitation methods
  • CPR
  • Mouth-to-mouth ventilation

📕 Unit IV — Urinary System 

Course Content:

• Anatomy of urinary tract
  • Special reference to kidney and nephron
• Nephron: Structure and functions
• Physiology of urine formation
  • Filtration
  • Reabsorption
  • Secretion
• Micturition reflex
• Role of kidney in acid–base balance
• Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS)
  • Role in blood pressure regulation and kidney function
• Kidney disorders

📓 Unit V — Endocrine, Reproductive System & Genetics 

Endocrine System

• Classification of hormones
• Mechanism of hormone action
  • First messenger
  • Second messenger
• Endocrine glands
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Adrenal gland
  • Pancreas
  • Pineal gland
  • Thymus
• Disorders of endocrine glands

Reproductive System 

• Male & female reproductive anatomy
• Functions of reproductive system
• Sex hormones
• Physiology of menstruation
• Gametogenesis
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Oogenesis
• Fertilization
• Pregnancy & parturition
  • Stages
  • Hormonal regulation

Introduction to Genetics

• Chromosomes, genes, DNA
• Protein synthesis
  • Transcription
  • Translation
• Genetic pattern of inheritance
  • Mendelian inheritance
  • Dominant and recessive traits
  • Sex-linked inheritance

Also Read- Which is more dangerous: smoking or alcoholism 

B.Pharm 2nd Semester Human Anatomy and Physiology II Notes PDF

Also Read:- B.Pharm 1st Semester Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Notes

B.Pharm 2nd Semester Human Anatomy and Physiology II Book PDF

Books are very important; you should definitely check out the books according to your syllabus. During your pharmacy studies, books from Nirali Prakashan and PV Sindhu are very helpful. You can download the PDFs from the link below.

• Human Anatomy and Physiology II Nirali Prakashan Full Book PDF:- PDF
• Human Anatomy and Physiology II Chemistry PV Sindhu Full Book PDF:- PDF
• Human Anatomy and Physiology II Chemistry Thakur Publication Full Book PDF:- PDF
• Human Anatomy and Physiology II Chemistry The Point Publication Full Book PDF:- PDF

FAQs About Human Anatomy and Physiology II

B.Pharm 2nd Semester Notes