CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Electricity

Electricity is a chapter in your science subject. Radhe Radhe to all my dear children! You all will have to work very hard for your board exams to get good marks. In this post, I will try to cover all the important topics of your 10th-grade science syllabus so that you can understand and remember them.

Electricity, which is your eleventh chapter, falls under the physics section of science. All the information you need to study in this chapter will be found in this post.

Also Read- CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

👉 Skip everything and click here to directly view the Notes PDF

Table of Contents

Key Content of Chapter 11 Electricity

⚡ 1. Electric Current

Electric current = electric charges ka flow.
Metals me current electrons ke flow se hota hai.
Conventional current direction: positive terminal → negative terminal.
Formula:
I = Q / t
SI unit: Ampere (A)
1 A = 1 coulomb / second
Ammeter: current measure karta hai, series me connect hota hai.

🔋 2. Electric Circuit

Electric circuit: current ke flow ka closed and continuous path.
Circuit break hone par current flow nahi hota.
Cell / battery potential difference provide karti hai.

🔌 3. Electric Potential Difference

Electric charges flow karte hain jab potential difference hota hai.
Definition:
Potential difference = work done per unit charge
Formula:
V = W / Q
SI unit: Volt (V)
Voltmeter: potential difference measure karta hai, parallel me connect hota hai.

📐 4. Ohm’s Law

Statement:
At constant temperature, current is directly proportional to potential difference.
Formula:
V = IR
Yahan:
- V = potential difference
- I = current
- R = resistance
Resistance: current ke flow ka opposition.
SI unit: Ohm (Ω)

🧱 5. Resistance of a Conductor

Resistance depend karta hai:

Length (l) → zyada length = zyada resistance
Area of cross-section (A) → zyada area = kam resistance
Material of conductor
Temperature

Formula:
R = ρ l / A

ρ (rho) = resistivity
SI unit of resistivity: Ω m

🔗 6. Resistors in Series

Series circuit me:
- Current same hota hai har resistor me
- Total resistance zyada hota hai
Formula:
Rs = R1 + R2 + R3
Disadvantage:
- Ek component kharab → pura circuit fail
- Domestic wiring me use nahi hota

🔀 7. Resistors in Parallel

Parallel circuit me:
- Voltage same hota hai
- Current divide ho jata hai
Formula:
1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
Advantage:
- Sab appliances independent work karte hain
- Domestic wiring me use hota hai

🔥 8. Heating Effect of Electric Current

Current flow hone par heat produce hoti hai.
Isse kehte hain Joule’s heating effect.
Formula:
H = I²Rt
Heat depend karti hai:
- Current²
- Resistance
- Time

🔧 9. Applications of Heating Effect

Electric iron
Heater
Toaster
Electric bulb (tungsten filament)
Fuse: excess current se circuit ko protect karta hai

💡 10. Electric Power

Electric power = energy consume hone ki rate.
Formulae:
- P = VI
- P = I²R
- P = V²/R
SI unit: Watt (W)
Commercial unit of energy:
kilowatt hour (kWh)
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J

Also Read- CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Electricity Notes

CBSE Class 10 Science – Chapter 11

Electricity

Complete Class 10 Science Chapter 11 notes, NCERT book PDF aur official Telegram channel ka direct access yahan se milega.

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Science Chapter 11 Electricity MCQs

Q1. Electric current is the flow of:

A. Electric charge

B. Energy

C. Heat

D. Protons only

✅ Correct Answer: Electric charge

Q2. SI unit of electric current is:

A. Ampere

B. Volt

C. Ohm

D. Coulomb

✅ Correct Answer: Ampere

Q3. One ampere current means flow of:

A. 1 C charge per second

B. 1 electron per second

C. 1 J per second

D. 1 V per second

✅ Correct Answer: 1 C charge per second

Q4. Device used to measure electric current is:

A. Ammeter

B. Voltmeter

C. Galvanometer

D. Rheostat

✅ Correct Answer: Ammeter

Q5. Potential difference is defined as:

A. Work done per unit charge

B. Charge per unit work

C. Energy per unit time

D. Current per unit resistance

✅ Correct Answer: Work done per unit charge

Q6. SI unit of potential difference is:

A. Volt

B. Ampere

C. Ohm

D. Joule

✅ Correct Answer: Volt

Q7. Ohm’s law states that:

A. V ∝ I at constant temperature

B. I ∝ R

C. V ∝ R

D. I ∝ 1/V

✅ Correct Answer: V ∝ I at constant temperature

Q8. Unit of resistance is:

A. Ohm

B. Volt

C. Ampere

D. Watt

✅ Correct Answer: Ohm

Q9. Resistance of a conductor depends on:

A. Length, area and material

B. Voltage only

C. Current only

D. Temperature only

✅ Correct Answer: Length, area and material

Q10. Joule’s law of heating is given by:

A. H = I²Rt

B. H = VIt

C. H = IRt

D. H = V²t

✅ Correct Answer: H = I²Rt

Q11. Unit of electric power is:

A. Watt

B. Joule

C. Volt

D. Ohm

✅ Correct Answer: Watt

Q12. Commercial unit of electric energy is:

A. Kilowatt hour

B. Joule

C. Watt

D. Ampere hour

✅ Correct Answer: Kilowatt hour

Also Read- CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Control and Coordination

FAQs About Electricity

Q1. What is electric current?

Electric current is the flow of electric charges through a conductor. In metallic wires, this flow is due to the movement of electrons.

Q2. What is an electric circuit?

An electric circuit is a closed and continuous path through which electric current flows. If the circuit is broken, current stops flowing.

Q3. What is the SI unit of electric current?

The SI unit of electric current is ampere (A). One ampere is the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.

Q4. What is electric potential difference?

Electric potential difference is the work done in moving a unit charge from one point to another in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V).

Q5. Which device maintains potential difference in a circuit?

A cell or battery maintains potential difference in a circuit by converting chemical energy into electrical energy.

Q6. State Ohm’s Law.

Ohm’s Law states that at constant temperature, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it (V = IR).

Q7. What is resistance?

Resistance is the property of a conductor that opposes the flow of electric current. Its SI unit is ohm (Ω).

Q8. On what factors does resistance depend?

Resistance depends on the length of the conductor, area of cross-section, nature of material and temperature.

Q9. What is the heating effect of electric current?

The heating effect of electric current is the production of heat in a conductor when electric current flows through it, explained by Joule’s law of heating.

Q10. Why are electric appliances connected in parallel in homes?

In parallel connection, each appliance gets the same voltage and works independently. Failure of one appliance does not affect others.