You will get here Physical Education class 12 CBSE notes Chapter 7: Physiology & Injuries in Sport. You can connect with us for every important update related to class 12.
Physical Education is a very important subject for you because it will help you increase your percentage. You can score high marks in this subject by studying notes and practicing MCQs. In this post, we will cover Chapter 7: Physiology & Injuries in Sport.
Also Read- Physical Education Notes | Class 12 – Chapter 1: Management of Sporting Events
Key Content Of Chapter 7 Physiology & Injuries in Sport
⭐ 1. Physiological Factors of Physical Fitness
- Exercise physiology → study of body response to exercise.
- Skeletal muscles → slow twitch (endurance) & fast twitch (speed/strength).
- Muscle properties → contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity.
- Energy production → ATP from carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
- Energy systems:
- ATP-CP → 0–10 sec activity.
- Anaerobic → up to 2 min.
- Aerobic → long duration.
- Cardiorespiratory system → supplies oxygen, removes CO₂, improves endurance.
- Fitness components → strength, endurance, speed, flexibility.
⭐ 2. Effect of Exercise on Muscular System
✅ Short Term
- Blood supply ↑
- Muscle temperature ↑
- Flexibility ↑
- Lactate accumulation
- Micro-tears in muscles
✅ Long Term
- Muscle hypertrophy (size ↑)
- Strong ligaments & tendons
- Mitochondria ↑
- Myoglobin & glycogen storage ↑
- Metabolism ↑
⭐ 3. Effect of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory System
✅ Cardiovascular Effects
Short term: heart rate ↑, blood pressure ↑, stroke volume ↑, cardiac output ↑
Long term: heart stronger, resting heart rate ↓, BP normal, capillaries ↑
✅ Respiratory Effects
Short term: breathing rate ↑, tidal volume ↑
Long term: lung capacity ↑, respiratory muscles strong, gas exchange ↑
⭐ 4. Physiological Changes Due to Ageing
- Muscle strength ↓
- Bone mass ↓ (osteoporosis risk)
- Reaction time slower
- Heart efficiency ↓
- Lung function ↓
- Body fat ↑, muscle mass ↓
⭐ 5. Sports Injuries
✅ Classification
- Direct injury
- Indirect injury
- Soft tissue injury
- Hard tissue injury
- Overuse injury
✅ Soft Tissue Injuries
- Abrasion → skin rub
- Contusion → bruise
- Laceration → tear
- Incision → cut
- Sprain → ligament injury
- Strain → muscle injury
👉 Treatment → RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
✅ Joint Injury
- Dislocation → bone out of joint.
✅ Bone Injuries (Fractures)
- Greenstick, Comminuted, Transverse, Oblique, Impacted, Stress fracture.
Class 12 Physical Education Chapter 7: Physiology & Injuries in Sport Notes
CBSE Class 12 Physical Education – Unit 7
Physiology & Injuries in Sport
Complete Class 12 Physical Education Unit 7 notes, syllabus,
book PDF aur official Telegram channel ka direct access yahan se milega.
Physical Education Chapter 7 Physiology & Injuries in Sport MCQs
Q1. Exercise physiology is the study of:
A. Body’s response to exercise
B. Sports equipment
C. Diet planning
D. Mental health
✅ Correct Answer: Body’s response to exercise
Q2. Slow twitch muscle fibres are best suited for:
A. Endurance activities
B. Power activities
C. Jumping
D. Sprinting
✅ Correct Answer: Endurance activities
Q3. Which energy system provides energy up to 10 seconds?
A. ATP-CP system
B. Aerobic system
C. Anaerobic system
D. Respiratory system
✅ Correct Answer: ATP-CP system
Q4. VO₂ max indicates efficiency of:
A. Cardiorespiratory system
B. Digestive system
C. Nervous system
D. Skeletal system
✅ Correct Answer: Cardiorespiratory system
Q5. Increase in muscle size due to exercise is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Elasticity
D. Flexibility
✅ Correct Answer: Hypertrophy
Q6. Which is a short-term effect of exercise on muscles?
A. Increased muscle temperature
B. Increased myoglobin
C. Increased glycogen storage
D. Increased mitochondria
✅ Correct Answer: Increased muscle temperature
Q7. The amount of blood pumped by heart in one minute is:
A. Cardiac output
B. Stroke volume
C. Blood pressure
D. Blood flow
✅ Correct Answer: Cardiac output
Q8. Bone mass decreases with ageing causing:
A. Osteoporosis
B. Diabetes
C. Hypertension
D. Asthma
✅ Correct Answer: Osteoporosis
Q9. Injury caused by rubbing of skin against rough surface is:
A. Abrasion
B. Strain
C. Sprain
D. Fracture
✅ Correct Answer: Abrasion
Q10. A sprain is an injury to:
A. Ligament
B. Muscle
C. Bone
D. Skin
✅ Correct Answer: Ligament
Q11. Displacement of bone from a joint is called:
A. Dislocation
B. Strain
C. Sprain
D. Abrasion
✅ Correct Answer: Dislocation
Q12. A fracture in which bone breaks diagonally is:
A. Oblique fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Transverse fracture
D. Impacted fracture
✅ Correct Answer: Oblique fracture
Also Read:- Physical Education Notes | Class 12 – Chapter 6: Test & Measurement in Sports
FAQs About Physiology & Injuries in Sport
Q1. What are physiological factors determining physical fitness?
Physiological factors determining physical fitness include skeletal muscle factor, energy production factor and cardiorespiratory factor. These factors influence strength, endurance, speed and flexibility of the body.
Q2. What are slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres?
Slow twitch fibres help in endurance activities like long distance running and resist fatigue. Fast twitch fibres help in power and speed activities like sprinting, jumping and throwing but fatigue quickly.
Q3. What are the main energy systems of the body?
The body has three energy systems: ATP-CP system (for short duration up to 10 seconds), anaerobic system (for activities up to 2 minutes), and aerobic system (for long duration activities like marathon).
Q4. What are short term effects of exercise on muscular system?
Short term effects include increased blood supply, increased muscle temperature, increased flexibility, accumulation of lactate and micro tears in muscle fibres.
Q5. What are long term effects of exercise on muscular system?
Long term effects include muscle hypertrophy, increased strength of ligaments and tendons, increased mitochondria, increased myoglobin storage, increased glycogen storage and increased metabolism.
Q6. What are effects of exercise on cardiovascular system?
Exercise increases heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and blood circulation. Long term exercise increases heart size and strength, decreases resting heart rate and improves oxygen supply.
Q7. What are effects of exercise on respiratory system?
Exercise increases breathing rate, tidal volume and gas exchange. Long term training increases lung capacity, efficiency of respiratory muscles and pulmonary diffusion.
Q8. What are physiological changes due to ageing?
Ageing causes decrease in muscle strength, bone mass, cardiovascular efficiency, lung function and neural response. Body fat increases and reaction time becomes slower.
Q9. What are sports injuries?
Sports injuries refer to damage to body tissues, bones or joints caused during sports or exercise due to overuse, collision, improper technique or lack of conditioning.
Q10. What are soft tissue injuries in sports?
Soft tissue injuries involve damage to muscles, ligaments or skin. Examples include abrasion, contusion, laceration, strain, sprain and incision.
Q11. What is dislocation in sports injury?
Dislocation is the displacement of bones from their normal position in a joint due to external force. It causes pain, swelling and loss of movement.
Q12. What are types of fractures?
Types of fractures include greenstick fracture, comminuted fracture, transverse fracture, oblique fracture and impacted fracture.
Class 12 Physical Education Notes
Chapter I
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