You will get here Science Biology class 12 CBSE notes Chapter 8: Microbes In Human Welfare. You can connect with us for every important update related to class 12.
Science Biology is a very important subject for you because it will help you increase your percentage as well as it is an important subject for your medical entrance exam. You can score high marks in this subject by studying notes and practicing MCQs. In this post, we will cover Chapter 8: Microbes In Human Welfare.
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Key Content Of Chapter 8 Microbes In Human Welfare
🔹 Introduction to Microbes
- Microbes are microscopic organisms present everywhere
- Found in soil, water, air, extreme environments
- Include: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, viroids, prions
- Not all microbes are harmful — many are beneficial
🔹 Microbes in Household Products
- Curd: Lactobacillus converts milk into curd
- Fermented foods: Idli, dosa (CO₂ production)
- Bread: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Cheese: Different microbes give unique taste & texture
- Traditional drinks: Toddy, fermented foods
🔹 Microbes in Industrial Products
- Used in large-scale production (fermentors)
🍺 Fermented Beverages
- Yeast produces alcohol (ethanol)
- Examples: wine, beer, whisky, rum
💊 Antibiotics
- Chemical substances produced by microbes
- Kill harmful bacteria
- Example: Penicillin
🧪 Chemicals & Enzymes
- Organic acids: citric acid, acetic acid
- Enzymes: lipase, pectinase
- Bioactive molecules:
- Streptokinase → clot buster
- Cyclosporin A → immunosuppressant
- Statins → lower cholesterol
🔹 Microbes in Sewage Treatment
- Sewage = wastewater with organic matter
⚙️ Process:
- Primary treatment: physical removal of particles
- Secondary treatment: microbes degrade organic matter
- Formation of flocs → reduces BOD
- Produces cleaner water + biogas
🔹 Microbes in Biogas Production
- Methanogens produce methane gas
- Found in cattle dung & sewage sludge
- Biogas used as fuel (cooking, lighting)
🔹 Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
- Used to control pests biologically
- Example:
- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
- Trichoderma
- Advantages:
- Eco-friendly
- Reduces chemical pesticide use
🔹 Microbes as Biofertilisers
- Improve soil fertility naturally
Examples:
- Rhizobium → nitrogen fixation
- Azotobacter, Azospirillum
- Mycorrhiza → better nutrient uptake
- Cyanobacteria → increase soil fertility
🔹 Overall Importance
- Microbes are essential for:
- Food production
- Medicine
- Agriculture
- Environment protection
Microbes In Human Welfare show how tiny organisms play a huge role in improving human life, health, and environment.
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Class 12 Science Biology Chapter 8: Microbes In Human Welfare Notes
Microbes In Human Welfare
Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 – Pulse by Anubhav
Complete notes, NCERT resources aur updated syllabus yahan se easily access karo.
Yeh chapter Microbes In Human Welfare
Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Microbes In Human Welfare MCQs
Microbes In Human Welfare (MCQs) – Pulse by Anubhav
1. Microbes are:
A. Only plants
B. Microscopic organisms
C. Only animals
D. Visible organisms
2. Which bacteria convert milk into curd?
A. Rhizobium
B. Lactobacillus
C. Azotobacter
D. Streptococcus
3. Yeast used in bread making is:
A. Penicillium
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Aspergillus
D. Clostridium
4. Penicillin is an example of:
A. Enzyme
B. Antibiotic
C. Hormone
D. Vitamin
5. Who discovered penicillin?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Alexander Fleming
C. Robert Hooke
D. Darwin
6. BOD stands for:
A. Basic Oxygen Demand
B. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
C. Biological Oxygen Division
D. None of these
7. Methanogens produce:
A. Oxygen
B. Methane
C. Nitrogen
D. Hydrogen
8. Which is used as biocontrol agent?
A. Lactobacillus
B. Bacillus thuringiensis
C. Rhizobium
D. Yeast
9. Rhizobium helps in:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Nitrogen fixation
C. Respiration
D. Digestion
10. Microbes are useful in:
A. Only diseases
B. Food, medicine, agriculture
C. Only pollution
D. None
Score: 0 / 10
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FAQs About Microbes In Human Welfare
Microbes In Human Welfare – FAQs (Pulse by Anubhav)
1. What are microbes?
Microbes are microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with naked eyes. Examples include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses.
2. Are all microbes harmful?
No, many microbes are useful. They help in food production, medicine, agriculture and environmental processes.
3. Which microbe is used in curd formation?
Lactobacillus bacteria convert milk into curd and improve its nutritional value.
4. What is biogas?
Biogas is a mixture of gases mainly methane produced by microbes and used as a fuel.
5. What is BOD?
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) indicates the level of organic pollution in water.
Class 12 Biology Notes – All Chapters (Pulse by Anubhav)
| Chapter | Topic | Open |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter I | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | View → |
| Chapter II | Human Reproduction | View → |
| Chapter III | Reproductive Health | View → |
| Chapter IV | Principles of Inheritance and Variation | View → |
| Chapter V | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | View → |
| Chapter VI | Evolution | View → |
| Chapter VII | Human Health and Disease | View → |
| Chapter VIII | Microbes in Human Welfare | View → |
| Chapter IX | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | View → |
| Chapter X | Biotechnology and its Applications | View → |
| Chapter XI | Organisms and Populations | View |
| Chapter XII | Ecosystem | View → |
| Chapter XIII | Biodiversity And Conservation | View → |
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